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How to Clean Upholstery

Last updated October 25, 2026

The short answer

Check the Fabric Tag First

Before you apply any cleaner, locate the care tag on the underside of the cushion or along the frame. The tag uses letters that tell you what is safe: W for water-based cleaners, S for solvent-based products, SW for either, and X means vacuum only. Using the wrong product can set a stain or damage the fabric.

If the tag is missing or faded, test any cleaner on a hidden spot first. Apply a small amount and blot with a white cloth. If the color transfers or the fabric feels stiff, stop and try a milder approach. This simple step prevents larger problems later.

Vacuum Every Surface

Dust, crumbs, and pet hair sit on the surface and work their way into the weave. Use the upholstery attachment on your vacuum and go over the entire piece, including the back, sides, and under the cushions. Pay extra attention to crevices where debris collects.

For stubborn pet hair, a rubber glove or a damp sponge can lift it off. Vacuuming before any wet cleaning keeps dirt from turning into mud when you add moisture. Do this step every time you clean, not just after spills.

If your upholstery is damp from a leak, vacuuming is still useful, but the fabric needs drying before any cleaning.

  • Remove all cushions and vacuum both sides
  • Use a crevice tool for seams and edges
  • Lift pet hair with a rubber glove if needed
  • Vacuum the base and any exposed frame
  • Shake out loose cushions outdoors if possible

Spot Clean Stains Gently

For fresh spills, blot with a clean, dry cloth to absorb as much liquid as possible. Do not rub, because that pushes the stain deeper. Mix a few drops of mild dish soap with warm water, dip a cloth into the solution, and blot the stain from the outside edge toward the center.

Rinse the area with a cloth dampened with plain water to remove soap residue. Blot dry with another cloth. Leave the spot to air dry completely. If the upholstery is heavily soiled, or if the stain is from water damage like floodwater, the pros may be needed to handle it safely.

  • Blot spills immediately with a dry cloth
  • Use a mild soap and water solution
  • Work from the outer edge inward
  • Rinse with plain water to remove soap
  • Air dry thoroughly before using the furniture

Deep Clean with Steam or Shampoo

For a full refresh, a steam cleaner or upholstery shampoo machine can lift embedded dirt and odors. Follow the machine's instructions, and avoid soaking the fabric. Too much water can saturate the padding underneath and lead to mildew.

After deep cleaning, speed up drying by opening windows or using a fan. High humidity in Rowlett can slow drying, so keep air moving. If the upholstery got soaked from a plumbing leak or storm, consider a professional water damage service to extract water and dry the structure properly.

When to Call the Pros

If your upholstery has been submerged in floodwater, sewage, or standing water from a leak, do not try to clean it yourself. Water damage can carry contaminants and create mold within 24 to 48 hours. The pros have equipment to extract water, dry the fabric, and sanitize it.

Also, if you notice a musty smell or see dark spots after cleaning, that signals mold growth. Mold can spread to other areas and affect indoor air. A mold professional or local water damage pros can assess the situation. In such cases, you might also check your insurance policy. Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I use bleach on upholstery?

Bleach is too harsh for most fabrics and can cause discoloration or weaken fibers. Only use it if the care tag specifically allows it, and always dilute it heavily. Test on a hidden area first. For most stains, a mild detergent works better without the risk.

How often should I clean my upholstery?

Vacuum upholstery every one to two weeks to keep dust and dirt from building up. Spot clean spills right away. A deep clean with a steam machine or professional service is usually needed once or twice a year, depending on use, pets, and allergies.

What if my upholstery still smells after cleaning?

A lingering odor usually means moisture is trapped deep in the padding or that mold has started. Dry the fabric completely with fans or a dehumidifier. If the smell persists, the padding may need replacement or professional cleaning. Act quickly to prevent mold from spreading.

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